Publicación:

Relación entre estrategias de afrontamiento y conductas autolesivas con fines no suicidas en un grupo de adolescentes escolarizados de la ciudad de Pereira

Resumen

En la actualidad se evidencia aumento de conductas autolesivas, estos comportamientos presentan asociación con estilos de afrontamiento. La presente investigación busca determinar si existe relación entre estrategias de afrontamiento y conductas autolesivas con fines no suicidas en un grupo de adolescentes escolarizados de la ciudad de Pereira. Se aplicó la Escala de Afrontamiento para Adolescentes de Frydenberg y Lewis y el Self-Harm Questionnaire a 145 adolescentes de una institución educativa, 50.3% fueron hombres, 49.7% mujeres, cursaban entre 8° y 11° grado, edades entre 13 y 18 años, 77,9% pertenecían a estrato medio. El programa SPSS, determino que el 36% de la muestra se ha autolesionado, principalmente para disminuir malestar emocional y enfrentar situaciones problemáticas. Se identificó relación entre estrategias de afrontamiento evitativas y centradas en la emoción, donde a mayor empleo de estas, mayor presencia de autolesiones. En las estrategias de afrontamiento centradas a solucionar el problema, se evidencia que a medida que aumentan, la probabilidad de autolesionarse disminuye. Se concluye que el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento centradas en la emoción y evitativas tienen relación con conductas autolesivas, el estrato socioeconómico no influye y son más prevalentes en mujeres, entre 15 y 16 años de edad, pertenecientes a familias monoparentales. Abstrac: Currently there is evidence of increased self-harm behaviors; it seems that these behaviors are associated with coping styles. The present investigation seeks to determine if there is a relationship between coping strategies and self-injurious behaviors in a group of school-aged adolescents from the city of Pereira. The Adolescent Coping Scale of Frydenberg and Lewis and the Self-Harm Questionnaire were applied to 145 adolescents of an educational institution, 50.3% were men, 49.7% were women, they were studying between 8th and 11th grade, and the ages were between 13 and 18 years, 77.9% belonged to middle class. The SPSS program determined that 36% of the sample has committed self- harmed, mainly to reduce emotional distress and face problematic situations. A relation was identified between avoidance and emotion-focused coping strategies, where to greater use of these, greater presence of self-harm. In coping strategies focused on solving the problem, it is evident that as they increase, the probability of self-harm diminishes. It is concluded that the use of coping strategies focused on emotion and avoidance are related to self-injurious behavior, the socioeconomic stratum does not influence and this is more prevalent in women between 15 and 16 years old belonging to single-parent families.